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- GREP User Commands GREP
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- NNAAMMEE
- grep, egrep, fgrep - search a file for a pattern
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- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- ggrreepp [ option ] ... expression [ file ] ...
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- eeggrreepp [ option ] ... [ expression ] [ file ] ...
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- ffggrreepp [ option ] ... [ strings ] [ file ]
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- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- Commands of the _g_r_e_p family search the input _f_i_l_e_s (standard
- input default) for lines matching a pattern. Normally, each
- line found is copied to the standard output. _G_r_e_p patterns
- are limited regular expressions in the style of _e_x(1); it
- uses a compact nondeterministic algorithm. _E_g_r_e_p patterns
- are full regular expressions; it uses a fast deterministic
- algorithm that sometimes needs exponential space. _F_g_r_e_p
- patterns are fixed strings; it is fast and compact. The
- following options are recognized.
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- --vv All lines but those matching are printed.
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- --xx (Exact) only lines matched in their entirety are
- printed (_f_g_r_e_p only).
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- --cc Only a count of matching lines is printed.
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- --ll The names of files with matching lines are listed
- (once) separated by newlines.
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- --nn Each line is preceded by its relative line number in
- the file.
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- --bb Each line is preceded by the block number on which it
- was found. This is sometimes useful in locating disk
- block numbers by context.
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- --hh Never print filename headers with output lines.
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- --oo Always print filename headers with output lines.
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- --ii The case of letters is ignored in making comparisons -
- that is, upper and lower case are considered identical.
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- --ss Silent mode. Nothing is printed (except error mes-
- sages). This is useful for checking the error status.
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- --ww The expression is searched for as a word (as if sur-
- rounded by `\<' and `\>', see _e_x(1).) (_g_r_e_p only)
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- --ee _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n
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- Sprite v1.0 October 8, 1987 1
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- GREP User Commands GREP
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- Same as a simple _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n argument, but useful when
- the _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n begins with a -.
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- --ff _f_i_l_e
- The regular expression (_e_g_r_e_p) or string list (_f_g_r_e_p)
- is taken from the _f_i_l_e.
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- In all cases the file name is shown if there is more than
- one input file. Care should be taken when using the charac-
- ters $ * [ ^ | ( ) and \ in the _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n as they are also
- meaningful to the Shell. It is safest to enclose the entire
- _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n argument in single quotes ' '.
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- _F_g_r_e_p searches for lines that contain one of the (newline-
- separated) _s_t_r_i_n_g_s.
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- _E_g_r_e_p accepts extended regular expressions. In the follow-
- ing description `character' excludes newline:
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- A \ followed by a single character other than newline
- matches that character.
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- The character ^ matches the beginning of a line.
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- The character $ matches the end of a line.
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- A .. (period) matches any character.
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- A single character not otherwise endowed with special
- meaning matches that character.
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- A string enclosed in brackets [] matches any single
- character from the string. Ranges of ASCII character
- codes may be abbreviated as in `a-z0-9'. A ] may occur
- only as the first character of the string. A literal -
- must be placed where it can't be mistaken as a range
- indicator.
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- A regular expression followed by an * (asterisk)
- matches a sequence of 0 or more matches of the regular
- expression. A regular expression followed by a +
- (plus) matches a sequence of 1 or more matches of the
- regular expression. A regular expression followed by a
- ? (question mark) matches a sequence of 0 or 1 matches
- of the regular expression.
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- Two regular expressions concatenated match a match of
- the first followed by a match of the second.
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- Two regular expressions separated by | or newline match
- either a match for the first or a match for the second.
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- GREP User Commands GREP
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- A regular expression enclosed in parentheses matches a
- match for the regular expression.
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- The order of precedence of operators at the same parenthesis
- level is [] then *+? then concatenation then | and newline.
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- Ideally there should be only one _g_r_e_p, but we don't know a
- single algorithm that spans a wide enough range of space-
- time tradeoffs.
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- SSEEEE AALLSSOO
- ex(1), sed(1), sh(1)
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- DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
- Exit status is 0 if any matches are found, 1 if none, 2 for
- syntax errors or inaccessible files.
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- BBUUGGSS
- Lines are limited to 256 characters; longer lines are trun-
- cated.
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- Sprite v1.0 October 8, 1987 3
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